The latest version of Android as of writing this is Android 11.0 which was released on September 08, 2020. Older versions of Android had a version number and a cute dessert related name, and although Android 11 was called “Red Velvet Cake” internally, publicly it’s just been called Android 11.
You can find the entire version history on Wikipedia, and you can check and update your version following Google’s Android help article. For everything else Android 11, check out the official Android 11 page.